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Applications of 3D Landscape Models
GIs and remote sensing covers large number of products that are used as an input for various projects. Electronic terrain data has its endless significances. Knowing more about the terrain and the surface objects is immense useful in various engineering projects and are widely used in environmental studies as well. With advancement in sensors capabilities these products are becoming more accurate, more precise and more informative.
Type of terrain models
-Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
-Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
-Digital Surface Model (DSM)
-Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
-Digital Surface Model (DSM)
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
It's a bare earth model. Set of regularly or irregularly spaced height values. No other information
Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
Same as DEM with a set of regularly or irregularly spaced height values but, with other information about terrain surface like ridge lines, spot heights, troughs, coast/shore lines, drainage lines, faults, peaks, pits, passes, etc.
Digital Surface Model (DSM)
DSM represents the MSL elevations of the reflective surfaces of trees, buildings, and other features elevated above the “Bare Earth”.
DEM Products
-Slope angle
-Slope aspect
-Slope convexity
-Slope length
-Hill shading
-3D display
-Slope aspect
-Slope convexity
-Slope length
-Hill shading
-3D display
Application Domains
1)Civil Engineering:
-Cut-and-fill problems involved with road design
-Site planning
-Volumetric calculations in building dams and reservoirs
-Site planning
-Volumetric calculations in building dams and reservoirs
2)Earth Sciences:
-Drainage basin network development and delineation
-Hydrological run-off modeling
-Geo-morphological simulation and classification
-Geological mapping
-Generating slope and aspect maps
-Analysis and interpretation of terrain morphology
-Hydrological run-off modeling
-Geo-morphological simulation and classification
-Geological mapping
-Generating slope and aspect maps
-Analysis and interpretation of terrain morphology
3)Planning and Resource Management:
-The management of natural resources
-Site location
-Support of image classification in remote sensing by DTM derivatives
-Geometric and radiometric correction of remote sensing images
-Wind flow and pollution dispersion models
-Site location
-Support of image classification in remote sensing by DTM derivatives
-Geometric and radiometric correction of remote sensing images
-Wind flow and pollution dispersion models
4)Military Applications:
-3D visualization and Flight simulation
-Indivisibility analysis
-Weapon guidance
-Indivisibility analysis
-Weapon guidance
5)Surveying and photogrammetry:
-Orthophoto production
-Topographic mapping
-Topographic mapping
Summary
Knowing more about the terrain and the surface objects is immense useful in various engineering projects and are widely used in environmental studies as well. 3D landscape models include DEM, DTM and DSM. Various application includes civil engineering, earth science, planning and resource management, military applications, surveying and photogrammetry, etc.